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Consular identification (CID) cards are issued by some governments to their citizens who are living in foreign countries. They are not certifications of legal residence within foreign countries, so CID card holders could be legal or illegal aliens.〔 〕 Issuing travel documents and passports are some of the functions performed by consular offices for their citizens. "According to the Department of State, issuance of CID cards falls within the general scope of permissible consular functions."〔 〕 The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963 defined the allowable activities for consulate offices such as registering its citizens within foreign countries.〔 〕 A report prepared for the United States Congress by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) acknowledges the controversy over the use of CID cards. It states that supporters of consular identification cards argue that they are important in a post 9/11 America to improve security and bring transactions out into the open where they can be monitored more as well as improve bilateral relations by notifying consulates when foreign nationals are detained. While others say CID cards are only needed "by aliens who are illegally present in the United States and serve to undermine U.S. immigration policy" and that at best better regulation is needed of these cards to "reinforce immigration policy and to defend against terrorism." Foreign governments are accused of "issuing consular identification cards in the United States for purposes other than those intended by the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, namely to circumvent U.S. immigration law, and that the issuance of the cards should be subject to U.S. regulation."〔 〕 In 2005, the REAL ID Act became law which requires that applicants for driver's licenses are "lawfully present in the United States" and that "an official passport is the only acceptable foreign identity document."〔 In November 2004, the U.S. Congress restored funding for the Treasury Dept. to implement regulations that allow financial institutions to accept CID cards for banking (H.R. 4818/P.L. 108-447).〔 The 9/11 Commission recommended the U.S. establish standards for sources of identification, however required documents to acquire CID cards vary from country to country as displayed below in the chart 'Countries with Consular Identification (CID) Cards'. The Argentinian Consulate in Los Angeles advertises their CID card's U.S. benefits for the colonies of Argentine citizens as a means to avoid deportation, board air planes, access to banking, credit, libraries, municipal programs and funerals.〔 〕 The United States government does not issue CID cards, but recently has begun issuing the U.S. Passport Card to U.S. citizens for land and sea port re-entry into the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and Bermuda, but not for international air travel.〔 〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Consular identification card」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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